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Article Excerpt From Many Gods to One: Divine Action in Renaissance Epic by Tobias Gregory. U. of Chicago Press, 2006. Pp. 247. $30.00.
The epic narrator of Paradise Lost sets out on an ambitious course of pursuing "Things unattempted yet in Prose or Rhime" (1.15-16), but most students of Milton know that the masterpiece is one in a long line of attempts to present religious or cultural history through the vehicle of the "long poem." As a history of the genre, Tobias Gregory's From Many Gods to One could justifiably find a place on the bookshelf of any student, scholar, or teacher of epics and romances, including Homer's Odyssey and Iliad, Virgil's Aeneid, Petrarch's Africa, Vida's Christiad, Ariosto's Orlando Furioso, Tasso's Gerusalemme Liberata, and Paradise Lost.
Gregory pursues his elegantly simple thesis throughout his 224-page argument in a manner that is both informative and economical. In imitating the poets of antiquity, Christian writers of the Renaissance were faced with an enormous literary problem. If the heart of the epic is a commensuration between mortals and divinity, how could they balance the "theological requirement" of representing an omniscient, omnipotent deity with the "narrative requirement" of actually telling a good story (41)? If the Christian God is always in some way present and uniquely capable of solving anything, what remains of the traditional contingencies that allow an author to maintain a reader's attention? While Gregory's scope of reference extends from the beginnings of Yahwist monotheism to the contemporary Left Behind series, he shows a great sense of control in developing the trajectory of his text, which is organized around a "problem-solution" framework. His introduction and first chapter explain the "narrative advantages" of polytheism not available to Christian...
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