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...Calculations, 07.06 Systems Energy Utilization TC 07.01 Integrated Building Design
Chair: Drury B. Crawley, Member, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, D.C.
With recent interest in green buildings, a number of buildings designed to save significant amounts of energy have now been constructed. But do we know how these buildings are operating? This session brings together case studies of Low-energy, sustainability and integrated design in residential and commercial buildings. Topics include evaluation of individual technologies, design process, lessons learned, and long-term measured performance. This is part of a series on the operating performance of Low-energy buildings worldwide.
1. Post-Occupancy Performance of Five Low-energy Schools in the UK (LB-07-001)
Ian Pegg, Buro Happold, London, UK; Andrew Cripps, PhD, Buro Happold Consulting Engineers, London, UK; Maria Kolokotroni, PhD, Member, Brunei University, Middlesex, UK
2. Evaluations and Comparisons of the Achieved Energy and Environmental Performance of Two Exemplar-Design Library Buildings in England and Sweden (LB-07-002)
Robert Cohen, PhD, Energy for Sustainable Development, Neston, Corsham, Wiltshire, UK; William Bordass, PhD, William Bordass Associates, London, UK; Adrian Leaman, Building Use Studies Ltd., York, UK
Seminar 1 (Intermediate)
Chilled Beams: Research and Case Studies of Benefits
Track: Fundamentals
Room: 201 B
Sponsor: TC 05.03 Room Air Distribution
Chair: Duncan Phillips, PhD, PE, Member, P. Eng, Rowan Williams Davies & Irwin, Guelph, ON, Canada
In general, the impact of energy gain within a space is controlled by three mechanisms. The use of tempered supply air, building thermal mass, and/or actively chilled building components (e.g. ceilings) all provide a means to control the temperature increases, or the perception of temperature increases, within an occupied region. It has been shown that the use of ventilation air to control temperature within a room is less efficient than using cooled building components. Using research and case studies, this seminar provides practical information on the use of chilled beams as part of an energy-efficient building thermal management system.
1. Passive Chilled Beams, An Effective Alternative to Fan Terminals for UFAD Perimeter Cooling Applications
Ken Loudermilk, PE, Member, Trox-USA, Alpharetta, GA
2. Airflow Pattern in Rooms with Exposed Chilled Beams: Impact of Heat Load Strength and Distribution
Risto Kosonen, PhD, Halton Oy, Kausala, Finland
3. Thermal Comfort in Rooms with Chilled Beams: Physical Measurements and Human Response
Arsen Melikov, PhD, Member, International Centre for Indoor Environment and En, Lyngby, Denmark
4. Chilled Beams Application Cases
Dr. Andrey Livchak, PhD, Member, Halton Group Americas, Scottsville, KY
Seminar 2 (Intermediate)
Emission Offsets and Reductions: Reducing Our Environmental Footprint
Track: Operational Topics
Room: 101 B
Sponsor: Greening ASHRAE Meetings and Expositions (GAME) Ad-hoc Committee
Chair: Monte G. Troutman, PE, Member, B.C. Engineering, Inc., Evansville, IN
Emission offsets? Carbon reduction? Pollution credits? We hear these words everyday but what do they mean and how do they impact us? This seminar defines these terms and explains where the money goes when offsets are purchased. It also covers worldwide carbon reduction schemes and how those are affecting industries within the states. The ASHRAE Presidential Ad Hoc Committee on Greening ASHRAE Meetings and Expositions (GAME) is discussed.
1. Defining Emission Offsets and Reduction
Michael Arny, Leonardo Academy, Madison, WI
2. What Does ASHRAE Think?
Sheila J. Hayter, PE, Member, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO
3. International, Federal and State Perspectives on Carbon Reduction Schemes
Thomas E. Werkema, Jr., Member, Arkema, Inc., Philadelphia, PA
4. Are U.S. Industries Doing Their Part?
Adam W. Hinge, PE, Member, Sustainable Energy Partnerships, Tarrytown, NY
Seminar 3 (Intermediate)
Emulators in Building Control: Developments and Experience
Track: Operational Topics
Room: 204
Sponsor: TC 07.04 Building Operation Dynamics
Chair: Steven L. Blanc, PE, Member, Pacific Gas and Electric Co., San Francisco, CA
Emulators are hybrid systems--partly simulation and partly real hardware--whose applications include product development and testing as well as education and training. Emulators for HVAC building systems have been a subject of research internationally for 20 years. During this time, a number of significant developments have occurred that indicate increasing practicality for emulators in building control and fault detection and diagnosis applications. This seminar focuses on recent development and uses of emulators and the implications for future development.
1. The NIST Virtual Cybernetic Building Testbed
Steven T. Bushby, Member, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
2. Control System Pre-Commissioning using Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation: Methods and Case Study of a Naturally Ventilated Office Tower
Philip Haves, PhD, ASHRAE Fellow, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
3. An Emulator for Testing Wireless HVAC Controls
Clifford Federspiel, PhD, PE, Associate, Federspiel Controls, Albany, CA
Seminar 4 (Basic)
Finding the Funds for Good O&M: Success Stories, Part 1
Track: Operational Topics
Room: 102 B
Sponsor: TC 07.03 Operation and Maintenance Management
Chair: Michael R. Brambley, PhD, Member, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
How can you operate and maintain a building and its systems with constant pressure to reduce costs and staffing for operation and maintenance (O&M)? Many building operation teams face this situation. Yet, some organizations maintain or even improve their building operations, finding market value in improving their O&M. High quality O&M is a necessary cornerstone of high-performance buildings as we strive to make buildings more sustainable. Drawing from examples from health care, office buildings, and other facilities, speakers provide insight into processes for justifying and procuring the funding needed for high quality O&M.
1. Reengineering O&M Services to Deliver on Corporate Sustainability Goals
Ronald Herbst, PE, CB Richard Ellis (CBRE), Seattle, WA
2. Establishing an Infrastructure Renewal Program as an O&M Future Cost Avoidance Measure: A Health Care Facility Case Study
Ron Saporta, Saint Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada and Ellis Robyn, Saint Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
3. Facility Assessment Studies for Effective Equipment Renewal Programs
Michael Kwok, VFA, Boston, MA
Seminar 5 (Intermediate)
Natural Ventilation in Schools: Boon or Bust?
Track: Applications
Room: 103 B
Sponsor: TC 02.03 Gaseous Air Contaminants and Gas Contaminant Removal Equipment
Chair: Christopher O. Muller, Member, Purafil, Inc., Doraville, GA
Natural ventilation in schools is used to lower cooling and ventilation costs. However, uncontrolled ventilation can allow contaminants to bypass filters and permit the introduction of excess moisture. Further, with the number of schools located in non-attainment areas for one or more of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's priority pollutants, natural ventilation can actually present increased health risks to a large segment of the student population. This program looks at ventilation in schools from the standpoint of outdoor air quality, air cleaning requirements of ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004, and presents a case study highlighting one school district's experiences.
1. Mechanical vs. Natural Ventilation in Schools: Less Can Be More
W. Brad M. Stanley, Member, Purafil, Inc., Doraville, GA
2. 2. Ventilation Considerations in Areas with Elevated Ozone Levels
Michael G. Apte, PhD, Member, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
3. Applying the IAQ Procedure to Reduce Mechanical Ventilation Requirements in Schools
Jerry Lamping, Member, North East Independent School District, San Antonio, TX
Seminar 6 (Intermediate)
Moisture Performance of Details, Part 1: Claddings, Flashings, Wall Penetrations, Etc.
Track: Fundamentals
Room: 202A/B
Sponsor: TC 04.04 Building Materials and Building Envelope Performance
Chair: Wahid Maref, PhD, Member, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
Proper detailing of a building envelope is critical for providing adequate moisture control and performance. Water infiltration is often encountered during the service life of a building. Any opening in an envelope is a potential risk for water ingress that can lead to mould growth and wood decay. In this seminar, speakers give examples of good and poor detailing based on case studies from the field, laboratory experiments and hygrothermal modeling. They focus on envelope failures, symptoms, causes and remedial measures.
1. Performance of Wall/Window Interface Details
Michael Lacasse, PhD, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
2. The Complicated Science of Detailing the Building Enclosure
Paul E. Totten, PE, Member, Simpson Gumpertz & Heger Inc., Rockville, MD
3. Moisture Performance of Details
Guylaine Desmarais, Patenaude-Trempe Inc., Varennes, QB, Canada
Seminar 7 (Intermediate)
Testing and Using Radiant Heating and Cooling Systems
Track: Applications
Room: 201 A
Sponsor: TC 06.05 Radiant Space Heating and Cooling
Chair: Peter Simmonds, PhD, ASHRAE Fellow, IBE Consulting Engineers, Sherman Oaks, CA
The applications of radiant heating and cooling systems are becoming more widespread. With this comes the need for ASHRAE to update relevant Handbook chapters. This seminar previews revisions being made to Handbook chapters on radiant heating and cooling applications. Revised calculations methods and control techniques are presented by authors.
1. Performance of Radiant Ceiling Panels as Tested in Accordance to European Standards
Michael Leung, IBE Consulting Engineers, Sherman Oaks, CA
2. Generation and Use of Handbook Spreadsheets for Radiant System Projects
Neil Alexander, IBE Consulting Engineers, Sherman Oaks, CA
3. Controls for Radiant Systems
Bungane Mehlamakulu, IBE Consulting Engineers, Sherman Oaks, CA
Sunday
June 24, 2007
9:45 am -- 10:45 am
Technical Plenary Speaker--Engineers Without Borders
Bernard Amadei, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO
Room: 202A/B
With an estimated population increase of 2 billion people in the next two decades, unprecedented demand will exist for energy, food, water, land, transportation, waste disposal, health care and infrastructure. The role of engineers will be critical in fulfilling those demands from remote small communities to large urban areas. Amadei says a new generation of engineers must be trained who can better meet the challenges of the developing world and address the needs of the most destitute people on the planet. His presentation focuses on the challenges and opportunities with practicing engineering as well as the education of engineering. Also, he addresses the importance of integrating engineering with non-engineering disciplines when addressing the needs of developing communities.
Sunday
June 24, 2007
11:00 am -- 12:30 pm
Transactions Session 2 (Intermediate)
Automated Fault Detection and Diagnostics (FDD)
Track: Operational Topics
Room: 101 A
Sponsor: TC 07.05 Smart Building Systems
Chair: John House, PhD, Member, Natural Resources Canada, Varennes, QC, Canada
Automated fault detection and diagnostics refers to the use of software to detect and diagnose operational problems in HVAC equipment and systems. This session presents three papers on the topic. The first presents a method developed for detecting and diagnosing faults in chillers. The second describes a generic automated commissioning process and presents examples of detailed logic for one aspect of this process, automated proactive testing for fault isolation. The third paper presents a model-based approach for estimating whole building energy use and describes how this estimate can be utilized to identify operational changes in buildings.
1. The Development and Evaluation of a Simple Model-Based Automated FDD Method Suitable for Process Faults of Large Chillers (LB-07-003)
Agami Reddy, PhD, PE, Member, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA
2. Automated Proactive Fault Isolation: A Key to Automated Commissioning (LB-07-004)
Srinivas Katipamula, PhD, Member and Michael Brambley, Member, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
3. Whole Building Commercial HVAC Systems Simulation for Use in Energy Consumption Fault Detection (LB-07-005)
Seung Lee, Kitchell CEM Inc., Sacramento, CA; Frank L. Painter, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Fort Sam Houston, TX; and Daivd Claridge, PhD, PE, Member, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
Seminar 8 (Basic)
Acoustics for Green Buildings
Track: Applications
Room: 204
Sponsor: TC 02.06 Sound and Vibration Control
hair: Kenneth P. Roy, PhD, Member, Armstrong World Industries, Lancaster, PA
The LEED[R] program supports leadership in energy and environmental design. Manufacturers are responding with products and systems that support green and sustainability goals. How do LEED designs work with other design goals? We need additional assurance beyond LEED certification that our buildings actually work for their intended purposes. We must also focus on construction materials used to control sound and vibration, mechanical equipment that affect noise levels, and interior environment assessments regarding comfort and performance.
1. IEQ and Occupant Satisfaction in Naturally Ventilated Buildings
Gail S. Brager, PhD, ASHRAE Fellow, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA
2. Green Materials and Sustainability
Anita L. Snader, Armstrong World Industries, Lancaster, PA
3. HVAC Acoustics for Green Buildings
J. Mike Filler, Member, Trane Co., Pueblo, CO
Seminar 9 (Intermediate)
Application of Simulation in the 2007 Solar Decathlon Competition
Track: Applications
Room: 103 B
Sponsor: TC 04.07 Energy Calculations
Chair: Kamel Haddad, PhD, Member, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
In the Solar Decathlon, organized by the U.S. Department of Energy and sponsored by ASHRAE, teams of college students compete to design, build and operate highly energyefficient, completely solar-powered houses that incorporate building integrated photovoltaics. This seminar presents the application of computer simulation in the design of several participating teams.
1. Overview of the Role of Simulation in the Solar Decathlon Competition
Sheila Hayter, PE, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO
2. Application of Simulation in the Design of Santa Clara University Solar-Powered House
Jorge Gonzalez, PhD, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA
3. Use of Computer Simulation in the Design of the Texas A&M University Solar Decathlon House
Jeff Haberl, PhD, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
4. Use of Simulation in the Design of the University of Colorado Solar House
Michael Brandemuehl, PhD, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO
Seminar 10 (Basic)
Finding the Funds for Good O&M: Success Stories, Part 2
Track: Operational Topics
Room: 102 B
Sponsor: TC 07.03 Operation and Maintenance Management
Chair: Michael R. Brambley, PhD, Member, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
How can you operate and maintain a building and its systems with constant pressure to reduce costs and staffing for operation and maintenance (O&M)? Many building operation teams face this situation. Yet, some organizations maintain or even improve their building operations, finding market value in improving their O&M. High-quality O&M is a necessary cornerstone of high-performance buildings as we strive to make buildings more sustainable. Drawing from examples from health care, office buildings, and other facilities, speakers provide insight into processes for justifying and procuring the funding needed for high quality O&M.
1. Managing an Energy Program That Affects the Bottom Line
Mike J. Moran, Jr., Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
2. Economic Benefits of Preventive Maintenance on HVAC Equipment
David R. Burggren, Carrier Corp., Beaverton, OR
3. Air Handler Restoration Repays Cost Many Times Over
Robert G. Baker, Member, BBJ Environmental Solutions, Tampa, FL
Seminar 11 (Intermediate)
Impact of Prefiltration and Filter Selection for Energy Savings and Reduced Maintenance Expenditures
Track: Systems and Equipment
Room: 201 A
Sponsor: TC 02.04 Particulate Air Contaminants and Particulate Contaminant Removal Equipment
Chair: Charles J. Seyffer, Member, Camfil Farr, Troy, NY
Do prefilters add an energy penalty to systems where a single final filter may suffice to ensure proper indoor air quality? What effect does the removal of the prefilter have on the life of the final filter? Are the overall economic implications positive or negative? What happens to the air quality in the building? This seminar examines in-situ and laboratory data that may provide answers or more questions.
1. When, Why and How to Use Prefilters
Michael Corbat, Associate Member, Filtration Group, Inc., Aurora, IL
2. Prefilters: Energy Penalty or System Necessity
Charles J. Seyffer, Member, Camfil Farr, Troy, NY
3. Impact of Effective Prefiltration in Reducing Energy Costs
Don Thornburg, PE, Member, Camfil Farr, Riversale, NJ
Seminar 12 (Intermediate)
Ground Source Heat Pumps for Sustainability
Track: Systems and Equipment
Room: 101 B
Sponsor: TC 06.08 Geothermal Energy Utilization
Chair: John Shonder, Member, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN
The high efficiency of ground source heat pumps (GSHPs) means that for a given space conditioning load, less energy is used, resulting in fewer pollutant emissions than most methods of heating and cooling. When combined with other technologies, GSHPs can be instrumental in achieving net zero energy use in homes and buildings. This seminar presents results of innovative projects using GSHPs--and the renewable resource the earth provides--to increase the sustainability of the buildings in which we live and work.
1. Ground Storage of Solar Energy in a Seasonal Energy Storage System for a Residential Community
Timothy McDowell, Member, Thermal Energy System Specialists, Madison, WI
2. Geothermal Heat Pumps for Zero Energy Houses
Jeffrey Christian, Member, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN
3. Optimization of Hybrid Geothermal Heat Pump Systems
Scott Hackel, Member, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI
Seminar 13 (Intermediate)
Moisture Performance of Details, Part 2: Claddings, Flashings, Wall Penetrations, Etc.
Track: Fundamentals
Room: 202A/B
Sponsor: TC 04.04 Building Materials and Building Envelope Performance
Chair: Wahid Maref, PhD, Member, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
Proper detailing of a building envelope is critical for providing adequate moisture control and performance. Water infiltration is often encountered during the service life of a building. Any opening in an envelope is a potential risk for water ingress that can lead to mould growth and wood decay. In this seminar, speakers give examples of good and poor detailing based on case studies from the field, laboratory experiments and hygrothermal modeling. They focus on envelope failures, symptoms, causes and remedial measures.
1. Oblique Masonry: A Recipe for Moisture Problems
Hugo Hens, PhD, Member, K.U.Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
2. Water Retention in Drainage Cavities
Achilles Karagiozis, PhD, PE, Member, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN
3. What Happens When the Purpose of the Details Is Unknown?
William C. Brown, PE, Member, Morrison Hershfield Limited, Ottawa, ON, Canada
Seminar 14 (Intermediate)
New Developments in Residential Ventilation
Track: Applications
Room: 201 B
Sponsor: SSPC 62.2; TC 04.03 Ventilation Requirements and Infiltration
Chair: Steven J. Emmerich, Member, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD
ASHRAE's residential ventilation and IAQ standard, 62.2, is discussed. Presentations include a simulation study of the ventilation and energy performance of several ventilation system options designed to meet the standard's requirements; potential changes to the standard to account for ventilation system configuration and air distribution effects; and an update on the status and content of the draft companion guideline to the standard.
1. Ventilation and Energy Performance of Standard 62.2 Ventilation System Options
Iain S. Walker, PhD, Member, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA
2. Consideration of System Configuration and Air Distribution in Standard 62.2
Joseph W. Lstiburek, PhD, ASHRAE Fellow, Building Science Corp., Westford, MA
3. An Update on the Draft Standard 62.2 Companion Guideline
Paul Francisco, Member, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL
Sunday
June 24, 2007
1:00 pm-2:00 pm
Forum 1 (Advanced)
Hydronic System Energy Performance Requirements for ASHRAE Standard 90.1
Track: Systems and Equipment
Room: 102 B
Sponsor: TC 06.01 Hydronic and Steam Equipment and Systems; SSPC 90.1 Mechanical Subcommittee
Moderator: Mark C. Hegberg, Member, ITT Residential & Commercial Water Division, Morton Grove, IL
SSPC 90.1 has asked TC 6.1 to spearhead discussions on requirements that could be incorporated into future editions of Standard 90.1. This forum facilitates...
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