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Article Excerpt
THE PHRASE "MASS INCARCERATION" IS NOW WIDELY USED TO DESCRIBE the current state of criminal justice in the United States. Over the past generation, our rate of incarceration has more than quadrupled, rising every year since 1972 so that it now exceeds 735 per 100,000 people (Harrison and Beck, 2006). Today, more than 2.3 million individuals are incarcerated in state and federal prisons and in local jails (Harrison and Beck, 2006). A recent study forecasts that the state and federal prison population will increase by nearly 200,000 people in the next five years (JFA Institute, 2007).
While our incarceration rate has risen, so too has the rate of those reentering the community from prison. Nearly everyone who goes to prison or jail eventually comes home. This year alone, 650,000 people will return from state or federal prison (Office of Justice Programs, n.d.), and another 9 million will cycle in and out of local jails (Osborne and Solomon, 2006). Facing a myriad of challenges, the unfortunate likelihood is that many will end up back in prison or jail. Nationally, two-thirds of prisoners are rearrested and nearly 52 percent are reincarcerated for a new crime or a violation of their release supervision requirements within three years of release (Langan...
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