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...for HCPs, more than 400 HCPs have been implemented (USFWS 2005). Monitoring is a mandatory element of all HCPs (USFWS 1996) and is part of the implementation obligations. Without adequate and appropriate monitoring, the success of plans cannot be evaluated (Kareiva et al. 1999). This paper will focus on experiences in the review and revisions to the Multiple Species Conservation Program (MSCP) monitoring program. The MSCP, adopted in 1998, is a large and complex HCP covering portions 900 square miles (2330 [km.sup.2]) of San Diego County, California (Ogden 1996). We suggest that this process can serve as a model for other HCPs in the initial development and periodic review of monitoring programs.
Background
The Multiple Species Conservation Program (MSCP) was developed in collaboration with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the California Department of Fish and Game, 11 local cities, and the County of San Diego. A multi-taxa monitoring plan was prepared for the 85 species and their habitats considered "covered" under the MSCP (Ogden 1996). The plan provided methods for "effectiveness monitoring," where the goal is to track the biological success of the Habitat Conservation Plan (HCP) in producing the desired results of species persistence and resilience (Kareiva et al. 1999). General groups of monitoring included (1) habitat monitoring (permanent and temporary loss, and change in the condition of vegetation), (2) wildlife corridor monitoring (movement of mega-fauna), (3) faunal species monitoring (avifauna and herpetofauna), and...
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