...mildew-related staining, fading to sunlight, yellowing due to alkyd modification, and interactions between colorants and pigments, clay, and other filler pigments, this article specifically explores the effect of mildewcides on yellowing. (1-4)

[ILLUSTRATION OMITTED]

The effect of mildewcides on yellowing in latex paints has been an ongoing concern for paint manufacturers. Mildewcides and their interactions with various paint ingredients including certain in-can preservatives, binders, pigments, and clay are a known phenomenon. (5) Through experience, paint companies have developed formulations to optimize the efficacy of mildewcides and minimize their adverse effects in paints. Recently, formulators have been facing a new challenge to produce low- or zero-VOC paints. (10) These lower- or zero-VOC paint requirements came about due to legislation such as the South California Air Quality Management District law (SCAQMD) as well as the public's increasing concerns for the environment. (11-13) Lowering VOC content can affect application characteristics, and presents the new challenge to minimize changes in the performance properties of the coatings including yellowing in low- or zero-VOC formulations. New ingredients that may be incorporated to achieve these modified VOC goals may include low- or zero-VOC reactive coalescent agents (RCA) such as Archer[TM] RC (ADM), or low-VOC formulations of mildewcides such as Fungitrol[TM] 820 (ISP Chemicals Inc). (9,10,12) Mildewcides that have been in use for certain types of paints in the past may not be suitable in new lower or zero-VOC formulations. To date, most studies have examined only the effect of these changing ingredients on the film formation and the application properties of these low- or zero-VOC paints. (8,12,13) We undertook an extensive evaluation to study the effects of various mildewcides in several low-VOC paint formulations. We report in this article our significant findings from more than 300 paint formulations tested with all possible mildewcide options.

MATERIALS AND METHOD

Paint Formulations Tested

Generic Flat Paint Formulation: The Flat Paint formulations were prepared using four different commercially available binders including acrylic, vinyl versa-tate, and vinyl acetate-ethylene from different manufacturers and two different commercially available coalescent agents. These paints contained total PVC of 44.9% with volume solids of 36.3% with calculated VOC of 100 gm/L.

Generic Semi-Gloss Formulations: The Semi-Gloss Paint formulations were prepared using four commercially available binders including acrylic...

NOTE: All illustrations and photos have been removed from this article.




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