...technologies transportation irrevocably altered sonic environment of American cities and towns. Automobiles in particular transformed the acoustics of urban settings throughout the world, generating a droning dissonance Virginia Woolf once described as a "throb ... like a pulse irregularly drumming through an entire body." By the early twentieth century, the sounds of cars, trains, planes and construction were producing a din that, to those who had just arrived to the American city from rural town or distant shore, must have seemed like an incomprehensible cacophonous symphony.

Philipp...

NOTE: All illustrations and photos have been removed from this article.



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