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...developing nations accounting for only 17 per cent of imports and 6 per cent of exports. Access depends on affordable prices and on rational selection and use of drugs. Prices, which are most affected by globalization, have direct implications, especially for developing countries, where 50 to 95 per cent of drugs are paid by the patients themselves.
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The sale of the same goods to different buyers at different prices, so-called differential pricing, aims to improve affordability of drugs while generating revenue for the pharmaceutical industry. This has reduced the cost in low-income countries of many antiretroviral (ARV) HIV/AIDS therapies by up to 90 per cent, even though they continue to be sold at market price in developed countries. Other means to increase affordability include generic substitution, promotion of competition and the use of safeguards compatible with the World Trade Organization's (WTO) Agreement...
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