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...of well-being but with decreased awareness of emotional and physical pain and the serious, possibly permanent, health problems arising from their EA behavior. Although prevalence data are sparse, EA's greatest risk groups appear to include athletes in sports encouraging thinness or appearance standards, young and middle-age women, and young men.
EA is associated with eating disorders or stands alone. EA initially was recognized as a symptom of anorexia and bulimia, used to purge unwanted calories following binge, normal, or even minimal eating. Some eating disorder patients choose exercise as their purging method because they are incapable of inducing vomiting, find vomiting aversive, or see exercise as more socially acceptable. Clinicians describe eating disorder patients whose primary purging method is EA as having "anorexia athletica" or "exercise bulimia."
For female athletes, especially those in sports such as long-distance running in which low body weight may be beneficial, an eating disorder syndrome exists called the female- or elite-athlete triad. It consists of disordered eating, anaenorrhea, and osteoporosis in conjunction with exercise. Depending on symptoms and severity, it is diagnosed as anorexia, bulimia, or eating disorder not otherwise specified. EA has also been recognized as central to muscle dysmorphia, the Adonis complex, or bigorexia--common...
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