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Article Excerpt By Salikoko S. Mufwene. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Pp. xvi, 255. $59.95 (hardback), $21.95 (paperback).
The turn of the 21st century witnessed the belated crumbling of once-powerful nineteenth century metaphors. These included monolithic concepts such as culture, society, and language, and also figurative appreciations of each of these key terms as a sort of organism. In The ecology of language evolution, Mufwene provides an overview of linguistic change within an ecological context and complicates this ORGANIC ANALOGY rather than abandoning it altogether. Language should no longer be understood to be some living, unified creature with needs and functions. Rather, it is better appreciated as a parasitic species. I have long appreciated the germ model of language. Language, like a virus, penetrates the brains of newborn humans, probably remaking these as it does so. Infected humans then pass the virus along to others so that languages typically outlive most...
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