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...twenty-five, famous, thanks to The Red Badge of Courage, his impressionistic novel on the Civil War. Although at the time he wrote the book, Crane had never witnessed battle, his graphic accounts of combat are imbued with uncanny authenticity. Later, as an illustrious war correspondent for two New York newspapers (the Journal and the World), Crane covered the Spanish-American and the Greco-Turkish war from the front lines. In 1897, he moved to England, where he and his common-law wife, former hostess of a Florida bordello, took up permanent residence in Brede Place, a storied castle. After years of declining health, Crane died of tuberculosis in a sanitorium in Badenweiler, Germany. He was twenty-eight.
Though his life was short, it was productive. His collected works comprise twelve volumes of journalism, letters, sketches, vignettes, plays, poems, short stories, and novels. Red Badge, Maggie, "The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky," "The Blue Hotel," "The Open Boat," and sundry poems from The Black Riders and War Is Kind now belong to the standard canon of American literature. The impress of Crane's style is stamped on Ernest Hemingway, Willa Cather, Theodore Dreiser, Sherwood Anderson, Sinclair Lewis, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and other famous successors. His friends included novelists Henry James, William Dean Howells, Hamlin Garland, Harold Frederic, Ford Maddox Ford, H. G. Wells, and Joseph Conrad. They recognized his originality, intellect, perceptiveness, and verbal wizardry. (1)
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Crane has been called a naturalist, an impressionist, an expressionist, and a symbolist, but none of these disparate labels satisfactorily denotes the range and complexity of his art. Maggie, for example, is often regarded as the first American specimen of literary naturalism, a genre popularized by the French writer Emile Zola, Crane's contemporary. On a...
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