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...decentralized "learning strategies" which information is shared across government agencies at every level. In particular, she recommends strengthening the informational infrastructure at the regional level to foster greater knowledge-sharing about security risks and appropriate responses.
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Recognizing the Need for Change *
The stunning losses in lives and property from the September 11, 2001 attacks shattered the illusion of safety that most Americans shared. The implicit confidence that governmental institutions were strong and capable of protecting the citizenry from unwarranted attack from hostile sources had been fundamentally challenged. The terrorists, unwilling or unable to attack the US government directly, sought to undermine the credibility of US governmental institutions and their capacity to provide security against hostile threat by an indirect attack against its citizens.
The immediate response of the Bush Administration was to declare a "war on terrorism" and to take steps to shore up security for the citizenry by instituting tighter controls on immigration, airport security, and surveillance of individuals or groups that may be potential suspects. The difficulty lies in recognizing what constitutes a threat, and in calibrating a governmental response that interrupts hostile activity without undermining legitimate rights to individual privacy and civil liberties.
More than a year after the attacks, the executive and legislative branches of the U.S. are still seeking the appropriate balance between security and liberty. The primary measure that has been proposed to increase security is the establishment of a new Cabinet-level Department of Homeland Security that would have sufficient authority and budget to monitor threats to security and would provide a coherent, coordinated effort to identify hostile agents and interrupt intended threats.
The major question is how this new department would be organized, and how it would relate to the other units of government that currently have responsibility for protecting the nation's borders, issuing visas, and gathering intelligence on threats both internal and external to the nation. Proposals for integrating agencies with responsibilities for managing security...
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