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Article Excerpt Hacking (nestlings translocated, raised by humans, and subsequently released to the wild) of Ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) has been successful at reintroducing this species to locations that were previously unoccupied (Poole 1989, Poole et al. 2002), including the upper midwestern United States (Martell et al. 2002). Satellite radiotelemetry has been used to monitor migration routes of Ospreys breeding in Europe (e.g., Hake et al. 2001) as well as in North America (e.g., Martell et al. 2001). These studies did not report on the lifespan or lifetime reproductive success of Ospreys. We also know little about migration routes or about changes in migration patterns of translocated, hack-released Ospreys. We monitored the migration routes of a hack-released Osprey over a 4-year period, ascertained its lifespan, and documented its lifetime reproductive success.
METHODS
Osprey nestlings (37 total, 5-7 annually, 1998-2003) were released at Big Muskego Lake (42.89[degrees] N, 88.11[degrees] W), Waukesha County, Wisconsin, through hacking (Hammer and Hatcher 1983, Schaadt and Rymon 1983). The Big Muskego Lake area was a suburban landscape and part of the greater metropolitan Milwaukee area. Big Muskego Lake covered 914.59 ha with a maximum depth of 1.2 m; Bass Bay (adjoining Big Muskego Lake) covered 40.47 ha with a maximum depth of 7.0 m. The Big Muskego Lake area consisted of the city of Muskego (human population -21,400, a human density of ~265/[km.sup.2]; U.S. Department of Commerce 2000) with suburban residential areas surrounded by agricultural land and natural habitat (e.g., marshes and grasslands). Osprey nestlings were banded with U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) lock-on aluminum leg bands anodized to a year-specific color. Solar-powered satellite radio transmitters (35 g Platform Transmitter Terminals [PITs]; Microwave Telemetry, Columbia, MD, USA) were installed on two Osprey nestlings in 2002 and on one nestling in 2003. Satellite radiotelemetry tracking data were obtained from Service Argos (now CLS America, Largo, MD, USA); accuracy of locations was [less than or equal to] 1 km. Distances and directions were calculated from Global Positioning System (GPS) locations....
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