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Publication: ETC.: A Review of General Semantics
Publication Date: 01-OCT-08
Format: Online
Delivery: Immediate Online Access

Article Excerpt
IN 1698, an Italian named Bartolomeo Cristofori built the world's first piano. This happened more than two millennia after Pythagoras invented Western music by discovering that the relationships between musical notes could be expressed as numerical ratios. Cristofori designed his pianoforte (literally "soft loud") for Florence's Medici family, but the new instrument didn't catch on until the late eighteenth century. Even Bach first called the piano a clumsy instrument that would be too difficult to master. But as Romanticism spread across Europe, the piano came to be lauded for its expressive capabilities. By this time, a modified tuning system had been developed that separated each octave into twelve separate tones. This is the tuning system we use in music today.

A modern piano has eighty-eight keys and can produce eighty-eight tones. Each unique tone is...

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