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Membrane technology expands wastewater reuse applications worldwide: recent wastewater reuse projects in Bora Bora, France, Grand Canary Islands, India, and Qatar completed by Degremont demonstrate the effectiveness of several membrane filtration systems designed for wastewater reuse applications in agriculture, industry, and indirect and non-potable water uses.

Article Excerpt
Can membrane technology change the usage of wastewater? In recent years, wastewater has become a valuable product in water-scarce regions and technological advancements in membrane filtration have expanded the applications of treated effluent.

Governments have increasingly promoted the use of reclaimed water by developing dedicated distribution networks and high discharge quality through treated effluent program analysis. Moreover, improved membrane treatment has resulted in high water quality and increased trust of end users in the safety of recycled water. Local constraints, however, should be considered when determining the type of water reuse scheme to be established. Depending on the final uses of purified wastewater, the successful application of preferred strategies and technologies also requires an understanding of the social, cultural, and economical environment in which the reuse is to be applied.

For many years, Degremont, a Suez company, has worked with these considerations throughout its many years of extensive experience in designing, building and operating sewage reclamation plants. Membrane technology was slowly accepted years ago as a preferred technology given that conventional treatment schemes, including coagulation settling and sand filtration can meet stringent recycling water requirements (as California standard Title 2.2), but less cost-effectively than advanced membrane...

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